Introduction :

Oxy-Acetylene Gas welding is the most important type of welding process. It's done by burning fuel gases with the assistance of gas that forms a focused flame of hot temperature.

This flame directly strikes the weld space and melts the weld surface and filler material.

They thawed part of fastening plates subtle in each other and make a weld joint when cooling.

This fastening methodology may be accustomed be part of most of the common metals utilized in everyday life.

Working Principle :

In this method all the instrumentation area units connected rigorously. The gas cylinder and gas cylinder connected to the fastening torch through pressure regulators.

Now the regulated pressure of gas and gas provided to the torch wherever they properly mixed.

The flame is enkindled by a striker. lookout the tip of the torch is informed downward.

Now the flame is controlled through valves set in a fastening torch. The flame is ready at the natural flame or carburizing flame or oxidizing flame in line with the fastening condition.

Now the fastening torch captive on the road wherever joint to be created. this can soften the interface half and be part of them for good.

Fig. Oxy-Acetylene Gas Welding

Equipment's of Oxyacetylene (O₂- C₂H₂) Gas Welding :

Welding Torch: fastening torches area unit most vital a part of gas fastening. each the fuel gas and gas at appropriate pressure fed through hoses to the fastening torch. There are unit valves for every gas with the management of the flow of gases within the torch. each gas mixed there and type an ignitible mixture. These gases ignite to burn at the nozzle. the hearth flame flow through the nozzle and strikes at fastening plates. The nozzle thickness depends on the dimensions of the fastening plates and the material to be welded.

Oxygen Cylinder: For the correct burning of fuel, an acceptable quantity of gas needed. This gas provided by a gas cylinder. A black line is employed to point the gas cylinder.

Fuel Gas Cylinder: A gas cylinder is crammed either by oxy-acetylene gas, chemical element gas, fossil fuel, or alternative ignitible gas. The fuel gas choice depends on the fastening material. principally oxy aliphatic compound gas is employed for all general purposes of fastening. ordinarily, these cylinders have a Maroon line to point them. The fuel gases pass through it.

Pressure Regulator: Each gas and fuel gases area unit crammed in a cylinder at high. These gases cannot use at this high for fastening work. thus a pressure regulator is employed between the flow. It provides gas at a pressure of 70-130 KN/ M² and gas at 7-103 KN/M² to the fastening torch.

Goggles & Gloves: These area units use for the safety purpose of craftsmen. It protects eyes and hands from radiation and the flame of the fireside.

Types of Flame in Oxyacetylene Gas Welding :

There are three basic types of flame:

Neutral Flame

Carburizing Flame

Oxidizing Flame

Neutral Flame :

The neutral flame contains a matched quantitative relation of aliphatic compound and gas.

It obtains further gas from the air and provides complete combustion.

It is usually most popular for fastening. The neutral flame contains a clear, well outlined, or glowing cone indicating that combustion is complete.

Neutral fastening flames area unit normally accustomed weld:

Mild steel
Stainless steel
Cast Iron
Copper
Aluminum

Fig. Neutral Flame

Carburizing Flame :

The carburizing flame has excess acetylene; the inner cone contains a feathery edge extending on the far side it.

This white feather is called the acetylene feather. If the aliphatic compound feather is double as long because the inner cone it's referred to as a 2X flame, that may be a means of expressing the quantity of excess aliphatic compound.

The carburizing flame might add carbon to the weld metal.

It is normally used for fastening of high carbon content material like forged iron etc.

Fig. Carburizing Flame

Oxidizing Flame :

Oxidizing fastening flames area unit made once slightly over one volume of gas is mixed with one volume of an aliphatic compound.

To obtain this sort of flame, the torch ought to 1st be adjusted to a neutral flame.

The flow of gas is then exaggerated till the inner cone is shortened to the simple fraction of its original length.

When the flame is correctly adjusted, the inner cone is pointed and slightly purple.

An oxidizing flame can even be recognized by its distinct hissing sound.

The temperature of this flame is close to 6300°F (3482°C) at the inner cone tip.

Oxidizing welding flames area unit normally accustomed weld these metals:

Zinc
Copper
Manganese Steel
Cast Iron

Fig. Oxidizing Flame

Different types of fuels used in Oxyacetylene Gas Welding:

Oxy-fuel cycles may utilize an assortment of fuel gases (or burnable fluids), the most widely recognized being acetylene. Different gases that might be utilized are propylene, liquified oil gas (LPG), propane, gaseous petrol, hydrogen, and MAPP gas. Fluid fuel cutting frameworks utilize such energizes as Gasoline (Petrol) Diesel, Kerosene, and potentially some aeronautics powers.

Acetylene:

Acetylene is the essential fuel for oxy-acetylene welding and is the fuel of decision for fix work and general cutting and welding. Acetylene when joined with oxygen consumes at 3200 °C to 3500 °C (5800 °F to 6300 °F), most elevated among normally utilized gaseous fuels.

Gasoline:

Oxy-gasoline, otherwise called oxy-petroleum, torches have been found to perform well overall, particularly where packaged gas fuel isn't accessible or hard to move to the worksite. Working expense for gasoline is normally 75-90% less than utilizing propane or Acetylene.

Hydrogen:

Hydrogen has a perfect fire and is useful for use on aluminum. It very well may be utilized at a higher pressing factor than acetylene and is along these lines helpful for submerged welding and cutting.

MPS and MAPP Gas:

Methylacetylene-propadiene (MAPP) gas and LPG gas is comparable powers in light of the fact that LPG gas is melted oil gas blended in with MPS. It has the capacity and delivery qualities of LPG and has a warmth esteem a little lower than that of acetylene.

Propylene and Fuel Gas:

Propylene is utilized underway welding and cutting. It slices also propane. At the point when propylene is utilized, the light infrequently needs tip cleaning.

Butane, Propane, and Butane/Propane Mixes:

Butane and propane doesn't respond to one another and is routinely blended. Butane bubbles at 0.6 °C. Propane is more unstable, with an edge of boiling over of - 42 °C. Vaporization is quick at temperatures over the limits. Both are along these lines blended to achieve the fume pressure that is needed by the end-user and relying upon the surrounding conditions. Propane is less expensive than acetylene and simpler to move.

Applications of Oxyacetylene (O₂- C₂H₂) Gas Welding:

It is accustomed be part of skinny metal plates.

It will be accustomed to being part of each ferric and non-ferrous metal.

Gas fastening principally utilized in the fabrication of sheets.

It is widely utilized in the automobile and craft industries.

Advantages :

It is easy to operate and does not require high skill operator.

Equipment price is low compare to alternative fastening processes like MIG, TIG, etc.

It can be used at the site.

Equipment is more portable than other types of welding.

It can even be used as gas cutting.

Disadvantages :

It provides a low surface finish. This method wants a finishing operation after welding.

Gas welding has a giant heat-affected zone which may cause amendment in the mechanical properties of the parent material.

Higher safety issues thanks to the naked flame of hot temperature.

It is appropriate just for soft and skinny sheets.

Slow metal joining rate.

No shielding area which causes more welding defects.

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What is Oxy-Acetylene Gas Welding Process : Introduction, Working Principle, Equipment's of O2-C2H2, Types of Flame ,Applications, Advantages, Dis-Advantages